Designed by Our Hands is an architectural design manual and research article investigating the space-making agency in the Dheisheh Refugee Camp in Bethlehem, Palestine. Through tracing the spatial transformations of four generations of toilets, the booklet documents the histories of construction practices, tools, and technologies in the camp. This work also offers a design toolkit by refugees for other refugees.
Special thanks: Abla Al-Azza, Saa’da Al-khatib, Daoud Faraj, Abdallah Shafout, Mohammad Alkhatib, Lutfi Al-Akhras, and Abu Sulaiman Al-Afandi who granted me access to research their toilets.